In South Africa, eating disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly among urban populations. A study at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town found that 40.1% of patients with eating disorders were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and 26.5% with anorexia nervosa. There is still a high level of stigma around eating disorders, and many people suffer in silence. Add into the mix the intersection of eating disorders and HIV, and there is even more reason to understand an address this mental health disorder. Here’s a brief explanation of the two most common eating disorders:
Someone with Anorexia Nervosa would have a deep fear of gaining weight and a distorted view of their body. They may see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously thin. Because of this fear, they eat very little and may exercise too much. Anorexia can cause serious health problems like extreme weight loss, weak bones, organ failure, and even death if not treated.
People with bulimia go through cycles of eating large amounts of food in a short time (binge eating) and then trying to get rid of it. They may force themselves to vomit, take laxatives, or exercise excessively. People with bulimia often maintain a normal weight, so it may not always be obvious. Bulimia can cause serious health issues like dehydration, stomach problems, and damage to teeth and the throat from frequent vomiting.
Eating disorders are serious but treatable. The first step is seeking professional help, getting support and understanding.
In South Africa, where we have a high prevalence of HIV, both treated and untreated, it’s important to consider the relationship between eating disorders and HIV.
People living with HIV often face nutritional challenges due to the virus itself and the side effects of antiretroviral therapy. The stress and stigma associated with HIV can contribute to the development of eating disorders. Additionally, body image concerns, especially related to changes caused by HIV or its treatment, can exacerbate these issues.
Since both eating disorders and HIV weaken the immune system, malnutrition from eating disorders can further compromise the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections, including HIV. Those with eating disorders may experience heightened anxiety and depression, which can complicate HIV management.
Addressing both conditions requires a comprehensive approach that includes medical treatment, nutritional support, and mental health care. Collaboration between healthcare providers, nutritionists, and mental health professionals is essential.
If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder, here are some resources which can provide support and treatment:
Eating Disorders South Africa (EDSA) offers a range of services, including both in-patient and out-patient treatment options, as well as online support. You can email info@edsa.co.za
Relapse Prevention https://www.relapseprevention.co.za/ provides a platform for individuals in recovery to share their experiences and strategies for leading healthier lives.
RecoverySpace.org https://www.recoveryspace.org/ is an online resource for those struggling with eating disorders throughout South Africa.
Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town has an eating disorder unit.
Joining a support group or online community can be incredibly beneficial. These groups provide a safe space to share experiences, receive emotional support, and learn from others who are going through similar challenges.
The first step is reaching out for help, learning more about the disorder, and surrounding yourself with support. With time and the right care, recovery is possible.
For more information, see our tip sheet at https://masiviwe.org.za/understanding-eating-disorders/